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HTML
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29 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html class="writer-html5" lang="en" >
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<title>Security — CodeIgniter 4.1.1 documentation</title>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intro/index.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter4</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/index.html">CodeIgniter4 Overview</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/structure.html">Application Structure</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/mvc.html">Models, Views, and Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/autoloader.html">Autoloading Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/services.html">Services</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/factories.html">Factories</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/http.html">Working With HTTP Requests</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/security.html">Security Guidelines</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/configuration.html">Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Global Functions and Constants</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/logging.html">Logging Information</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Web Page Caching</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ajax.html">AJAX Requests</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/modules.html">Code Modules</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/index.html">Controllers and Routing</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/filters.html">Controller Filters</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/message.html">HTTP Messages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/request.html">Request Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/incomingrequest.html">IncomingRequest Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/content_negotiation.html">Content Negotiation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/methodspoofing.html">HTTP Method Spoofing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/restful.html">RESTful Resource Handling</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/index.html">Building Responses</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/views.html">Views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_cells.html">View Cells</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_renderer.html">View Renderer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_layouts.html">View Layouts</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_parser.html">View Parser</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/response.html">HTTP Responses</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/api_responses.html">API Response Trait</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/localization.html">Localization</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Working With Databases</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/events.html">Database Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/index.html">Modeling Data</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/model.html">Using CodeIgniter's Model</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/entities.html">Using Entity Classes</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/index.html">Managing Databases</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/migration.html">Database Migrations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/seeds.html">Database Seeding</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Library Reference</a><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookies.html">Cookies</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="curlrequest.html">CURLRequest Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">Email Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encryption.html">Encryption Service</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="files.html">Working with Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="honeypot.html">Honeypot Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="images.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="throttler.html">Throttler</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="time.html">Times and Dates</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography.html">Typography</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="uploaded_files.html">Working with Uploaded Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="uri.html">Working with URIs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="validation.html">Validation</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/filesystem_helper.html">Filesystem Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/test_helper.html">Test Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/index.html">Testing</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/overview.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/database.html">Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/fabricator.html">Generating Data</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/controllers.html">Controller Testing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/feature.html">HTTP Testing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/benchmark.html">Benchmarking</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/debugging.html">Debugging Your Application</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/index.html">Command Line Usage</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli.html">Running via the Command Line</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_commands.html">Custom CLI Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_generators.html">CLI Generators</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_library.html">CLI Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_request.html">CLIRequest Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/index.html">Extending CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/common.html">Replacing Common Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/events.html">Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/basecontroller.html">Extending the Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/authentication.html">Authentication</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/contributing.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<hr/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
|
||
<div itemprop="articleBody">
|
||
|
||
<div class="section" id="security">
|
||
<h1>Security<a class="headerlink" href="#security" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>The Security Class contains methods that help protect your site against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.</p>
|
||
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
|
||
<ul class="simple">
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-the-library" id="id1">Loading the Library</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></p></li>
|
||
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#other-helpful-methods" id="id3">Other Helpful Methods</a></p></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="loading-the-library">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading the Library</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-the-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>If your only interest in loading the library is to handle CSRF protection, then you will never need to load it,
|
||
as it runs as a filter and has no manual interaction.</p>
|
||
<p>If you find a case where you do need direct access though, you may load it through the Services file:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$security</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">\Config\Services</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="p">();</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>app/Config/Filters.php</strong>
|
||
and enabling the <cite>csrf</cite> filter globally:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$globals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'before'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">//'honeypot'</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'csrf'</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from CSRF protection (for example API
|
||
endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs
|
||
by adding them as exceptions in the filter:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$globals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'before'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'csrf'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'except'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'api/record/save'</span><span class="p">]]</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$globals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'before'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="s1">'csrf'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'except'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'api/record/[0-9]+'</span><span class="p">]]</span>
|
||
<span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form helper</span></a>, then
|
||
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in
|
||
your forms. If not, then you can use the always available <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csrf_token()</span></code>
|
||
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csrf_hash()</span></code> functions</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"hidden"</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"<?= csrf_token() ?>"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"<?= csrf_hash() ?>"</span> <span class="o">/></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Additionally, you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csrf_field()</span></code> method to generate this
|
||
hidden input field for you:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Generates: <input type="hidden" name="{csrf_token}" value="{csrf_hash}" /></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><?=</span> <span class="nx">csrf_field</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="cp">?></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>When sending a JSON request the CSRF token can also be passed as one of the parameters.
|
||
The next way to pass the CSRF token is a special Http header that’s name is available by
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csrf_header()</span></code> function.</p>
|
||
<p>Additionally, you can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csrf_meta()</span></code> method to generate this handy
|
||
meta tag for you:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Generates: <meta name="{csrf_header}" content="{csrf_hash}" /></span>
|
||
<span class="o"><?=</span> <span class="nx">csrf_meta</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="cp">?></span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The order of checking the availability of the CSRF token is as follows:</p>
|
||
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> array</p></li>
|
||
<li><p>Http header</p></li>
|
||
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">php://input</span></code> (JSON request) - bare in mind that this approach is the slowest one since we have to decode JSON and then encode it again</p></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or
|
||
kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default
|
||
regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result
|
||
in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward
|
||
navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You
|
||
may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter value in
|
||
<strong>app/Config/Security.php</strong>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$regenerate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">true</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>When a request fails the CSRF validation check, it will redirect to the previous page by default,
|
||
setting an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error</span></code> flash message that you can display to the end user. This provides a nicer experience
|
||
than simply crashing. This can be turned off by editing the following config parameter value in
|
||
<strong>app/Config/Security.php</strong>:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$redirect</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Even when the redirect value is <strong>true</strong>, AJAX calls will not redirect, but will throw an error.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="other-helpful-methods">
|
||
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Other Helpful Methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#other-helpful-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>You will never need to use most of the methods in the Security class directly. The following are methods that
|
||
you might find helpful that are not related to the CSRF protection.</p>
|
||
<p><strong>sanitizeFilename()</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts and other security threats, which is
|
||
particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input. The first parameter is the path to sanitize.</p>
|
||
<p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g., file/in/some/approved/folder.txt, you can set
|
||
the second optional parameter, $relative_path to true.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-html+php notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">sanitizeFilename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$request</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">getVar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filepath'</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<footer>
|
||
<div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
|
||
<a href="sessions.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Session Library" accesskey="n" rel="next">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
|
||
<a href="pagination.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-left" title="Pagination" accesskey="p" rel="prev"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<hr/>
|
||
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<div role="contentinfo">
|
||
<p>
|
||
© Copyright 2019-2021 CodeIgniter Foundation.
|
||
<span class="lastupdated">
|
||
Last updated on Feb 22, 2021.
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</span>
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|
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