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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/logging.html">Logging Information</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/modules.html">Code Modules</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/index.html">Controllers and Routing</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/filters.html">Controller Filters</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/message.html">HTTP Messages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/request.html">Request Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/incomingrequest.html">IncomingRequest Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/content_negotiation.html">Content Negotiation</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/methodspoofing.html">HTTP Method Spoofing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../incoming/restful.html">RESTful Resource Handling</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/index.html">Building Responses</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/views.html">Views</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_cells.html">View Cells</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_renderer.html">View Renderer</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_layouts.html">View Layouts</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_parser.html">View Parser</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/view_decorators.html">View Decorators</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/response.html">HTTP Responses</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/api_responses.html">API Response Trait</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/localization.html">Localization</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../outgoing/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Working With Databases</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/events.html">Database Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/index.html">Modeling Data</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/model.html">Using CodeIgniter's Model</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../models/entities.html">Using Entity Classes</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/index.html">Managing Databases</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/migration.html">Database Migrations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../dbmgmt/seeds.html">Database Seeding</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Library Reference</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cookies.html">Cookies</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/curlrequest.html">CURLRequest Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Service</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/files.html">Working with Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/files.html#file-collections">File Collections</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/honeypot.html">Honeypot Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/images.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/publisher.html">Publisher</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/throttler.html">Throttler</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/time.html">Times and Dates</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uploaded_files.html">Working with Uploaded Files</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">Working with URIs</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/validation.html">Validation</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/filesystem_helper.html">Filesystem Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/test_helper.html">Test Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/index.html">Testing</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/overview.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/database.html">Database</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/fabricator.html">Generating Data</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/controllers.html">Controller Testing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/feature.html">HTTP Testing</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/response.html">Testing Responses</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/benchmark.html">Benchmarking</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/debugging.html">Debugging Your Application</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../testing/mocking.html">Mocking</a></li>
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</ul>
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||
</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/index.html">Command Line Usage</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli.html">Running via the Command Line</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_commands.html">Custom CLI Commands</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_generators.html">CLI Generators</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_library.html">CLI Library</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../cli/cli_request.html">CLIRequest Class</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/index.html">Extending CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/common.html">Replacing Common Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/events.html">Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/basecontroller.html">Extending the Controller</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/authentication.html">Authentication</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../extending/contributing.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a></li>
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</ul>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"><nav class="wy-nav-top" aria-label="Mobile navigation menu" style="background: #DD4814" >
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<a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
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<div class="rst-content">
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<div role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation">
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<ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
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<li><a href="../index.html" class="icon icon-home"></a> »</li>
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<li><a href="index.html">CodeIgniter4 Overview</a> »</li>
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<li>Application Structure</li>
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<hr/>
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<div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
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<div itemprop="articleBody">
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<section id="application-structure">
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<h1>Application Structure<a class="headerlink" href="#application-structure" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
|
||
<p>To get the most out of CodeIgniter, you need to understand how the application is structured, by default, and what you
|
||
can change to meet the needs of your application.</p>
|
||
<section id="default-directories">
|
||
<h2>Default Directories<a class="headerlink" href="#default-directories" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
|
||
<p>A fresh install has five directories: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/app</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/public</span></code>,
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/writable</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/tests</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/system</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/vendor</span></code>.
|
||
Each of these directories has a very specific part to play.</p>
|
||
<section id="app">
|
||
<h3>app<a class="headerlink" href="#app" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code> directory is where all of your application code lives. This comes with a default directory
|
||
structure that works well for many applications. The following folders make up the basic contents:</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>/app
|
||
/Config Stores the configuration files
|
||
/Controllers Controllers determine the program flow
|
||
/Database Stores the database migrations and seeds files
|
||
/Filters Stores filter classes that can run before and after controller
|
||
/Helpers Helpers store collections of standalone functions
|
||
/Language Multiple language support reads the language strings from here
|
||
/Libraries Useful classes that don't fit in another category
|
||
/Models Models work with the database to represent the business entities.
|
||
/ThirdParty ThirdParty libraries that can be used in application
|
||
/Views Views make up the HTML that is displayed to the client.
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Because the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app</span></code> directory is already namespaced, you should feel free to modify the structure
|
||
of this directory to suit your application’s needs. For example, you might decide to start using the Repository
|
||
pattern and Entity Models to work with your data. In this case, you could rename the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Models</span></code> directory to
|
||
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Repositories</span></code>, and add a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Entities</span></code> directory.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>If you rename the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Controllers</span></code> directory, though, you will not be able to use the automatic method of
|
||
routing to controllers, and will need to define all of your routes in the routes file.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>All files in this directory live under the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">App</span></code> namespace, though you are free to change that in
|
||
<strong>app/Config/Constants.php</strong>.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="system">
|
||
<h3>system<a class="headerlink" href="#system" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>If you install CodeIgniter with Composer, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system</span></code> is located in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vendor/codeigniter4/framework/system</span></code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>This directory stores the files that make up the framework, itself. While you have a lot of flexibility in how you
|
||
use the application directory, the files in the system directory should never be modified. Instead, you should
|
||
extend the classes, or create new classes, to provide the desired functionality.</p>
|
||
<p>All files in this directory live under the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CodeIgniter</span></code> namespace.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="public">
|
||
<h3>public<a class="headerlink" href="#public" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>The <strong>public</strong> folder holds the browser-accessible portion of your web application,
|
||
preventing direct access to your source code.
|
||
It contains the main <strong>.htaccess</strong> file, <strong>index.php</strong>, and any application
|
||
assets that you add, like CSS, javascript, or
|
||
images.</p>
|
||
<p>This folder is meant to be the “web root” of your site, and your web server
|
||
would be configured to point to it.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="writable">
|
||
<h3>writable<a class="headerlink" href="#writable" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>This directory holds any directories that might need to be written to in the course of an application’s life.
|
||
This includes directories for storing cache files, logs, and any uploads a user might send. You should add any other
|
||
directories that your application will need to write to here. This allows you to keep your other primary directories
|
||
non-writable as an added security measure.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="tests">
|
||
<h3>tests<a class="headerlink" href="#tests" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>This directory is set up to hold your test files. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_support</span></code> directory holds various mock classes and other
|
||
utilities that you can use while writing your tests. This directory does not need to be transferred to your
|
||
production servers.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section id="modifying-directory-locations">
|
||
<h3>Modifying Directory Locations<a class="headerlink" href="#modifying-directory-locations" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
|
||
<p>If you’ve relocated any of the main directories, you can change the configuration
|
||
settings inside <strong>app/Config/Paths.php</strong>.</p>
|
||
<p>Please read <a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html"><span class="doc">Managing your Applications</span></a>.</p>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</section>
|
||
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|
||
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