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As the V4L2 based UVC webcam gadget (g_webcam) expects the 'videodev' to present when the 'webcam_bind' routine is called, so 'videodev' should be available as early as possible. Now, when 'g_webcam' is built as a module (i.e. not a part of kernel) the late availability of 'videodev' is OK, but if 'g_webcam' is built statically as a part of the kernel, the kernel crashes (a sample crash dump using Designware 2.0 UDC is provided below). To solve the same, this patch makes 'videodev_init' as a subsys initcall. Kernel Crash Dump: ------------------ designware_udc designware_udc: Device Synopsys UDC probed csr 90810000: plug 90812000 g_webcam gadget: uvc_function_bind Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 000000e4 pgd = 80004000 [000000e4] *pgd=00000000 Internal error: Oops: 5 [#1] SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 0 Not tainted (3.3.0-rc3-13888-ge774c03-dirty #20) PC is at do_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x16c LR is at _raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x14 pc : [<8019e344>] lr : [<804095c0>] psr: 60000013 sp : 8f839d20 ip : 8f839d50 fp : 8f839d4c r10: 80760a94 r9 : 8042de98 r8 : 00000154 r7 : 80760e94 r6 : 805cfc10 r5 : 8fb6a008 r4 : 8fb6a008 r3 : 805dd0c8 r2 : 8f839d48 r1 : 805cfc08 r0 : 000000e0 Flags: nZCv IRQs on FIQs on Mode SVC_32 ISA ARM Segment kernel Control: 10c5387d Table: 0000404a DAC: 00000015 Process swapper/0 (pid: 1, stack limit = 0x8f8382f0) Stack: (0x8f839d20 to 0x8f83a000) 9d20: ffffffff ffffffff 8fb6a008 8fb6a008 805cfc10 80760e94 00000154 8042de98 9d40: 8f839d5c 8f839d50 804095c0 8019e340 8f839d7c 8f839d60 80222b28 804095bc 9d60: 8fb12b80 8fb6a008 8fb6a010 805cfc08 8f839dc4 8f839d80 80223db8 80222adc 9d80: 8f839dac 8f839d90 8022baa0 8019e2e8 8fb6a008 8075e7f4 8fb6a008 8fb6a008 9da0: 00000000 8fb6a008 80760e94 00000154 8042de98 80760a94 8f839ddc 8f839dc8 9dc0: 802242a8 80223d1c 8fb12b80 8fb6a000 8f839e1c 8f839de0 8030132c 80224298 9de0: 80223ce8 803f2ee8 00000001 804f7750 8f839e1c 8f824008 805cff20 8f824000 9e00: 8fb6a000 ffffffff 00000000 8f8d4880 8f839e4c 8f839e20 80562e3c 80301100 9e20: 00000000 8fb13140 8f824008 805cff20 8042aa68 8f824000 8042aa8c 805e4d40 9e40: 8f839e64 8f839e50 802d20c4 80562ba8 805d0058 805cff20 8f839e8c 8f839e68 9e60: 80563034 802d206c 8042aa8c 805cff20 8f8d4880 00000000 805cfc08 8fb12a40 9e80: 8f839e9c 8f839e90 805630c4 80562ec4 8f839ebc 8f839ea0 802d2364 805630b0 9ea0: 805cfeac 8f8d4880 805cfbe8 807605e8 8f839ed4 8f839ec0 80562b3c 802d22cc 9ec0: 80562ac4 8f8d4880 8f839f04 8f839ed8 802d0b40 80562ad0 8f839ef4 805cff90 9ee0: 805cff90 805cfb98 00000000 00000000 805cfbe8 805e4d40 8f839f3c 8f839f08 9f00: 802cd078 802d0a18 00000000 802d0a0c 00000000 8fb9ba00 802d0a0c 805cff90 9f20: 00000013 00000000 00000000 805e4d40 8f839f5c 8f839f40 802cf390 802ccff0 9f40: 00000003 00000003 804fb598 00000000 8f839f74 8f839f60 802d2554 802cf2a0 9f60: 8f838000 8057731c 8f839f84 8f839f78 80562b90 802d24d0 8f839fdc 8f839f88 9f80: 800085d4 80562b84 805af2ac 805af2ac 80562b78 00000000 00000013 00000000 9fa0: 00000000 00000000 8f839fc4 8f839fb8 80043dd0 8057706c 8057731c 8002875c 9fc0: 00000013 00000000 00000000 00000000 8f839ff4 8f839fe0 805468d4 800085a0 9fe0: 00000000 80546840 00000000 8f839ff8 8002875c 8054684c 51155555 55545555 Backtrace: [<8019e334>] (do_raw_spin_lock+0x0/0x16c) from [<804095c0>] (_raw_spin_lock+0x10/0x14) r9:8042de98 r8:00000154 r7:80760e94 r6:805cfc10 r5:8fb6a008 r4:8fb6a008 [<804095b0>] (_raw_spin_lock+0x0/0x14) from [<80222b28>] (get_device_parent+0x58/0x1c0) [<80222ad0>] (get_device_parent+0x0/0x1c0) from [<80223db8>] (device_add+0xa8/0x57c) r6:805cfc08 r5:8fb6a010 r4:8fb6a008 r3:8fb12b80 [<80223d10>] (device_add+0x0/0x57c) from [<802242a8>] (device_register+0x1c/0x20) [<8022428c>] (device_register+0x0/0x20) from [<8030132c>] (__video_register_device+0x238/0x484) r4:8fb6a000 r3:8fb12b80 [<803010f4>] (__video_register_device+0x0/0x484) from [<80562e3c>] (uvc_function_bind+0x2a0/0x31c) [<80562b9c>] (uvc_function_bind+0x0/0x31c) from [<802d20c4>] (usb_add_function+0x64/0x118) [<802d2060>] (usb_add_function+0x0/0x118) from [<80563034>] (uvc_bind_config+0x17c/0x1ec) r5:805cff20 r4:805d0058 [<80562eb8>] (uvc_bind_config+0x0/0x1ec) from [<805630c4>] (webcam_config_bind+0x20/0x28) r8:8fb12a40 r7:805cfc08 r6:00000000 r5:8f8d4880 r4:805cff20 r3:8042aa8c [<805630a4>] (webcam_config_bind+0x0/0x28) from [<802d2364>] (usb_add_config+0xa4/0x124) [<802d22c0>] (usb_add_config+0x0/0x124) from [<80562b3c>] (webcam_bind+0x78/0xb4) r6:807605e8 r5:805cfbe8 r4:8f8d4880 r3:805cfeac [<80562ac4>] (webcam_bind+0x0/0xb4) from [<802d0b40>] (composite_bind+0x134/0x308) r4:8f8d4880 r3:80562ac4 [<802d0a0c>] (composite_bind+0x0/0x308) from [<802cd078>] (dw_udc_start+0x94/0x2bc) [<802ccfe4>] (dw_udc_start+0x0/0x2bc) from [<802cf390>] (usb_gadget_probe_driver+0xfc/0x180) [<802cf294>] (usb_gadget_probe_driver+0x0/0x180) from [<802d2554>] (usb_composite_probe+0x90/0xb4) r6:00000000 r5:804fb598 r4:00000003 r3:00000003 [<802d24c4>] (usb_composite_probe+0x0/0xb4) from [<80562b90>] (webcam_init+0x18/0x24) r5:8057731c r4:8f838000 [<80562b78>] (webcam_init+0x0/0x24) from [<800085d4>] (do_one_initcall+0x40/0x184) [<80008594>] (do_one_initcall+0x0/0x184) from [<805468d4>] (kernel_init+0x94/0x134) [<80546840>] (kernel_init+0x0/0x134) from [<8002875c>] (do_exit+0x0/0x6f8) r5:80546840 r4:00000000 Code: e1a0c00d e92ddbf0 e24cb004 e24dd008 (e5902004) ---[ end trace 7ecca37f36fbdc06 ]--- Signed-off-by: Bhupesh Sharma <bhupesh.sharma@st.com> Tested-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com> Acked-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Linux kernel release 3.x <http://kernel.org/> These are the release notes for Linux version 3. Read them carefully, as they tell you what this is all about, explain how to install the kernel, and what to do if something goes wrong. WHAT IS LINUX? Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance. It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License - see the accompanying COPYING file for more details. ON WHAT HARDWARE DOES IT RUN? Although originally developed first for 32-bit x86-based PCs (386 or higher), today Linux also runs on (at least) the Compaq Alpha AXP, Sun SPARC and UltraSPARC, Motorola 68000, PowerPC, PowerPC64, ARM, Hitachi SuperH, Cell, IBM S/390, MIPS, HP PA-RISC, Intel IA-64, DEC VAX, AMD x86-64, AXIS CRIS, Xtensa, Tilera TILE, AVR32 and Renesas M32R architectures. Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of The GNU Compiler Collection, GCC). Linux has also been ported to a number of architectures without a PMMU, although functionality is then obviously somewhat limited. Linux has also been ported to itself. You can now run the kernel as a userspace application - this is called UserMode Linux (UML). DOCUMENTATION: - There is a lot of documentation available both in electronic form on the Internet and in books, both Linux-specific and pertaining to general UNIX questions. I'd recommend looking into the documentation subdirectories on any Linux FTP site for the LDP (Linux Documentation Project) books. This README is not meant to be documentation on the system: there are much better sources available. - There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory: these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some drivers for example. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file. Please read the Changes file, as it contains information about the problems, which may result by upgrading your kernel. - The Documentation/DocBook/ subdirectory contains several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a number of formats: PostScript (.ps), PDF, HTML, & man-pages, among others. After installation, "make psdocs", "make pdfdocs", "make htmldocs", or "make mandocs" will render the documentation in the requested format. INSTALLING the kernel source: - If you install the full sources, put the kernel tarball in a directory where you have permissions (eg. your home directory) and unpack it: gzip -cd linux-3.X.tar.gz | tar xvf - or bzip2 -dc linux-3.X.tar.bz2 | tar xvf - Replace "XX" with the version number of the latest kernel. Do NOT use the /usr/src/linux area! This area has a (usually incomplete) set of kernel headers that are used by the library header files. They should match the library, and not get messed up by whatever the kernel-du-jour happens to be. - You can also upgrade between 3.x releases by patching. Patches are distributed in the traditional gzip and the newer bzip2 format. To install by patching, get all the newer patch files, enter the top level directory of the kernel source (linux-3.x) and execute: gzip -cd ../patch-3.x.gz | patch -p1 or bzip2 -dc ../patch-3.x.bz2 | patch -p1 (repeat xx for all versions bigger than the version of your current source tree, _in_order_) and you should be ok. You may want to remove the backup files (xxx~ or xxx.orig), and make sure that there are no failed patches (xxx# or xxx.rej). If there are, either you or me has made a mistake. Unlike patches for the 3.x kernels, patches for the 3.x.y kernels (also known as the -stable kernels) are not incremental but instead apply directly to the base 3.x kernel. Please read Documentation/applying-patches.txt for more information. Alternatively, the script patch-kernel can be used to automate this process. It determines the current kernel version and applies any patches found. linux/scripts/patch-kernel linux The first argument in the command above is the location of the kernel source. Patches are applied from the current directory, but an alternative directory can be specified as the second argument. - If you are upgrading between releases using the stable series patches (for example, patch-3.x.y), note that these "dot-releases" are not incremental and must be applied to the 3.x base tree. For example, if your base kernel is 3.0 and you want to apply the 3.0.3 patch, you do not and indeed must not first apply the 3.0.1 and 3.0.2 patches. Similarly, if you are running kernel version 3.0.2 and want to jump to 3.0.3, you must first reverse the 3.0.2 patch (that is, patch -R) _before_ applying the 3.0.3 patch. You can read more on this in Documentation/applying-patches.txt - Make sure you have no stale .o files and dependencies lying around: cd linux make mrproper You should now have the sources correctly installed. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Compiling and running the 3.x kernels requires up-to-date versions of various software packages. Consult Documentation/Changes for the minimum version numbers required and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that you can just update packages when obvious problems arise during build or operation. BUILD directory for the kernel: When compiling the kernel all output files will per default be stored together with the kernel source code. Using the option "make O=output/dir" allow you to specify an alternate place for the output files (including .config). Example: kernel source code: /usr/src/linux-3.N build directory: /home/name/build/kernel To configure and build the kernel use: cd /usr/src/linux-3.N make O=/home/name/build/kernel menuconfig make O=/home/name/build/kernel sudo make O=/home/name/build/kernel modules_install install Please note: If the 'O=output/dir' option is used then it must be used for all invocations of make. CONFIGURING the kernel: Do not skip this step even if you are only upgrading one minor version. New configuration options are added in each release, and odd problems will turn up if the configuration files are not set up as expected. If you want to carry your existing configuration to a new version with minimal work, use "make oldconfig", which will only ask you for the answers to new questions. - Alternate configuration commands are: "make config" Plain text interface. "make menuconfig" Text based color menus, radiolists & dialogs. "make nconfig" Enhanced text based color menus. "make xconfig" X windows (Qt) based configuration tool. "make gconfig" X windows (Gtk) based configuration tool. "make oldconfig" Default all questions based on the contents of your existing ./.config file and asking about new config symbols. "make silentoldconfig" Like above, but avoids cluttering the screen with questions already answered. Additionally updates the dependencies. "make defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default symbol values from either arch/$ARCH/defconfig or arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig, depending on the architecture. "make ${PLATFORM}_defconfig" Create a ./.config file by using the default symbol values from arch/$ARCH/configs/${PLATFORM}_defconfig. Use "make help" to get a list of all available platforms of your architecture. "make allyesconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'y' as much as possible. "make allmodconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'm' as much as possible. "make allnoconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to 'n' as much as possible. "make randconfig" Create a ./.config file by setting symbol values to random values. You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt. NOTES on "make config": - having unnecessary drivers will make the kernel bigger, and can under some circumstances lead to problems: probing for a nonexistent controller card may confuse your other controllers - compiling the kernel with "Processor type" set higher than 386 will result in a kernel that does NOT work on a 386. The kernel will detect this on bootup, and give up. - A kernel with math-emulation compiled in will still use the coprocessor if one is present: the math emulation will just never get used in that case. The kernel will be slightly larger, but will work on different machines regardless of whether they have a math coprocessor or not. - the "kernel hacking" configuration details usually result in a bigger or slower kernel (or both), and can even make the kernel less stable by configuring some routines to actively try to break bad code to find kernel problems (kmalloc()). Thus you should probably answer 'n' to the questions for "development", "experimental", or "debugging" features. COMPILING the kernel: - Make sure you have at least gcc 3.2 available. For more information, refer to Documentation/Changes. Please note that you can still run a.out user programs with this kernel. - Do a "make" to create a compressed kernel image. It is also possible to do "make install" if you have lilo installed to suit the kernel makefiles, but you may want to check your particular lilo setup first. To do the actual install you have to be root, but none of the normal build should require that. Don't take the name of root in vain. - If you configured any of the parts of the kernel as `modules', you will also have to do "make modules_install". - Verbose kernel compile/build output: Normally the kernel build system runs in a fairly quiet mode (but not totally silent). However, sometimes you or other kernel developers need to see compile, link, or other commands exactly as they are executed. For this, use "verbose" build mode. This is done by inserting "V=1" in the "make" command. E.g.: make V=1 all To have the build system also tell the reason for the rebuild of each target, use "V=2". The default is "V=0". - Keep a backup kernel handy in case something goes wrong. This is especially true for the development releases, since each new release contains new code which has not been debugged. Make sure you keep a backup of the modules corresponding to that kernel, as well. If you are installing a new kernel with the same version number as your working kernel, make a backup of your modules directory before you do a "make modules_install". Alternatively, before compiling, use the kernel config option "LOCALVERSION" to append a unique suffix to the regular kernel version. LOCALVERSION can be set in the "General Setup" menu. - In order to boot your new kernel, you'll need to copy the kernel image (e.g. .../linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage after compilation) to the place where your regular bootable kernel is found. - Booting a kernel directly from a floppy without the assistance of a bootloader such as LILO, is no longer supported. If you boot Linux from the hard drive, chances are you use LILO which uses the kernel image as specified in the file /etc/lilo.conf. The kernel image file is usually /vmlinuz, /boot/vmlinuz, /bzImage or /boot/bzImage. To use the new kernel, save a copy of the old image and copy the new image over the old one. Then, you MUST RERUN LILO to update the loading map!! If you don't, you won't be able to boot the new kernel image. Reinstalling LILO is usually a matter of running /sbin/lilo. You may wish to edit /etc/lilo.conf to specify an entry for your old kernel image (say, /vmlinux.old) in case the new one does not work. See the LILO docs for more information. After reinstalling LILO, you should be all set. Shutdown the system, reboot, and enjoy! If you ever need to change the default root device, video mode, ramdisk size, etc. in the kernel image, use the 'rdev' program (or alternatively the LILO boot options when appropriate). No need to recompile the kernel to change these parameters. - Reboot with the new kernel and enjoy. IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG: - If you have problems that seem to be due to kernel bugs, please check the file MAINTAINERS to see if there is a particular person associated with the part of the kernel that you are having trouble with. If there isn't anyone listed there, then the second best thing is to mail them to me (torvalds@linux-foundation.org), and possibly to any other relevant mailing-list or to the newsgroup. - In all bug-reports, *please* tell what kernel you are talking about, how to duplicate the problem, and what your setup is (use your common sense). If the problem is new, tell me so, and if the problem is old, please try to tell me when you first noticed it. - If the bug results in a message like unable to handle kernel paging request at address C0000010 Oops: 0002 EIP: 0010:XXXXXXXX eax: xxxxxxxx ebx: xxxxxxxx ecx: xxxxxxxx edx: xxxxxxxx esi: xxxxxxxx edi: xxxxxxxx ebp: xxxxxxxx ds: xxxx es: xxxx fs: xxxx gs: xxxx Pid: xx, process nr: xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx or similar kernel debugging information on your screen or in your system log, please duplicate it *exactly*. The dump may look incomprehensible to you, but it does contain information that may help debugging the problem. The text above the dump is also important: it tells something about why the kernel dumped code (in the above example it's due to a bad kernel pointer). More information on making sense of the dump is in Documentation/oops-tracing.txt - If you compiled the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS you can send the dump as is, otherwise you will have to use the "ksymoops" program to make sense of the dump (but compiling with CONFIG_KALLSYMS is usually preferred). This utility can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.<country>.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/ . Alternately you can do the dump lookup by hand: - In debugging dumps like the above, it helps enormously if you can look up what the EIP value means. The hex value as such doesn't help me or anybody else very much: it will depend on your particular kernel setup. What you should do is take the hex value from the EIP line (ignore the "0010:"), and look it up in the kernel namelist to see which kernel function contains the offending address. To find out the kernel function name, you'll need to find the system binary associated with the kernel that exhibited the symptom. This is the file 'linux/vmlinux'. To extract the namelist and match it against the EIP from the kernel crash, do: nm vmlinux | sort | less This will give you a list of kernel addresses sorted in ascending order, from which it is simple to find the function that contains the offending address. Note that the address given by the kernel debugging messages will not necessarily match exactly with the function addresses (in fact, that is very unlikely), so you can't just 'grep' the list: the list will, however, give you the starting point of each kernel function, so by looking for the function that has a starting address lower than the one you are searching for but is followed by a function with a higher address you will find the one you want. In fact, it may be a good idea to include a bit of "context" in your problem report, giving a few lines around the interesting one. If you for some reason cannot do the above (you have a pre-compiled kernel image or similar), telling me as much about your setup as possible will help. Please read the REPORTING-BUGS document for details. - Alternately, you can use gdb on a running kernel. (read-only; i.e. you cannot change values or set break points.) To do this, first compile the kernel with -g; edit arch/i386/Makefile appropriately, then do a "make clean". You'll also need to enable CONFIG_PROC_FS (via "make config"). After you've rebooted with the new kernel, do "gdb vmlinux /proc/kcore". You can now use all the usual gdb commands. The command to look up the point where your system crashed is "l *0xXXXXXXXX". (Replace the XXXes with the EIP value.) gdb'ing a non-running kernel currently fails because gdb (wrongly) disregards the starting offset for which the kernel is compiled.
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