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Pages on CMA area could have MIGRATE_ISOLATE as well as MIGRATE_CMA so current is_pinnable_page could miss CMA pages which has MIGRATE_ ISOLATE. It ends up pinning CMA pages as longterm at pin_user_pages APIs so CMA allocation keep failed until the pin is released. CPU 0 CPU 1 - Task B cma_alloc alloc_contig_range pin_user_pages_fast(FOLL_LONGTERM) change pageblock as MIGRATE_ISOLATE internal_get_user_pages_fast lockless_pages_from_mm gup_pte_range try_grab_folio is_pinnable_page return true; So, pinned the page successfully. page migration failure with pinned page .. .. After 30 sec unpin_user_page(page) CMA allocation succeeded after 30 sec. The CMA allocation path protects the migration type change race using zone->lock but what GUP path need to know is just whether the page is on CMA area or not rather than exact migration type. Thus, we don't need zone->lock but just checks migration type in either of (MIGRATE_ISOLATE and MIGRATE_CMA). Adding the MIGRATE_ISOLATE check in is_pinnable_page could cause rejecting of pinning pages on MIGRATE_ISOLATE pageblocks even though it's neither CMA nor movable zone if the page is temporarily unmovable. However, such a migration failure by unexpected temporal refcount holding is general issue, not only come from MIGRATE_ISOLATE and the MIGRATE_ISOLATE is also transient state like other temporal elevated refcount problem. Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Conflicts: include/linux/mm.h 1. There is no is_pinnable_page in 5.10 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220524171525.976723-1-minchan@kernel.org/ Bug: 231227007 Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com> Change-Id: I5cdd2b8eefdd7e89658abd21c32aa84876ad7782 Signed-off-by: Juhyung Park <qkrwngud825@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: azrim <mirzaspc@gmail.com>